• GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor) induces the development of monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and myeloid and dermal dendritic cells. It also acts as a neutrophil and dendritic cell chemoattractant. GM-CSF promotes Th1 and Th17 cell mediated autoimmune inflammation as well as the inflammatory activation of dendritic cells, microglia, alveolar macrophages, and eosinophils. In addition, it cooperates with G-CSF in promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion.
• The genome of mouse Gm-CSf gene encoding the full-length protein was replaced by human GM-CSF genome in B-hGM-CSF mice.
• Mouse GM-CSF was only detectable in wild-type C57BL/6JNifdc mice. Human GM-CSF was exclusively detectable in homozygous B-hGM-CSF mice.
• This product is used for pharmacodynamics and safety evalsuation of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and psoriasis.

Gene targeting strategy for B-hGM-CSF mice. The exons 1-4 of mouse Gm-CSf gene that encode the whole molecule (ATG to STOP codon) were replaced by human counterparts in B-hGM-CSF mice. The promoter, 5’UTR and 3’UTR region of the mouse gene were retained. The human GM-CSF expression was driven by endogenous mouse Gm-CSf promoter, while mouse Gm-CSf gene transcription and translation will be disrupted.

Strain specific GM-CSF expression analysis in wild-type C57BL/6JNifdc mice and homozygous humanized B-hGM-CSF mice by ELISA. Serum was collected from wild-type C57BL/6JNifdc mice (+/+) and homozygous B-hGM-CSF mice (H/H) (male, n=3, 7-week-old) stimulated with LPS (200 μg/mouse) in vivo for 3 hours. Expression level of mouse and human GM-CSF were analyzed by ELISA (anti-Mouse GM-CSF ELISA kit: R&D, MGM00; anti-Human GM-CSF ELISA kit: R&D, DGM00). Mouse GM-CSF was only detectable in wild-type C57BL/6JNifdc mice. Human GM-CSF was exclusively detectable in homozygous B-hGM-CSF mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. ND: not detectable.